The genetics of a coffee-loving nation

Finns love their coffee. In Finland, the word kahvi (coffee) has become almost synonymous with both celebrations and break rooms: “Let’s go have some cake and coffee in the coffee room.” Some are naturally drawn to caffeine, while others avoid caffeinated drinks due to unwanted side effects.

Even though we’re culturally dedicated to our coffee habits, genetic factors also seem to influence our craving for a cup. Science has weighed in, identifying specific genotypes – variations in our genes – that are associated with higher caffeine consumption. Certain variants of the AHR and CYP1A2 genes have been linked to above-average caffeine intake. This makes sense, as these genes are involved in the metabolism, or breakdown and elimination, of caffeine.

(Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies regions on 7p21 (AHR) and 15q24 (CYP1A2) as determinants of habitual caffeine consumption. PLoS Genet. 2011 Apr;7(4):e1002033)

How genes influence behavior

The link between genes and caffeine consumption is thought to stem from how individuals experience caffeine’s effects – both positive and negative. A fast caffeine metabolism likely reduces its side effects, such as sleep disruption. People whose sleep is affected by caffeine are less likely to consume it regularly, in an effort to avoid these issues. On the other hand, genetics also plays a key role in addiction susceptibility. Individuals who are more prone to addiction may drink more coffee to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Taste perception is also partly genetic. This is particularly true for foods and drinks with strong flavors, such as coffee. Some people find caffeine naturally bitter. That bitterness can be masked by adding sugar or milk to coffee.

(Genetics of caffeine consumption and responses to caffeine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Aug;211(3):245–57.)

In addition to coffee, caffeine is found in tea, cocoa, energy drinks, and chocolate. With the Caffeine Add-On, you can find out whether your genes make you more likely to be drawn to caffeine!

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